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Approved strains of kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)

In many kiwifruit-producing countries including Japan, bacterial canker disease has become a serious problem, causing major damage. The causal bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae) is now classified into five biovars (biovars 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6) based on the differences in various phenotypes and genotypes. In addition, it is becoming clear that repertories of pathogenicity-related genes and virulence toward kiwifruit differ among biovars. Of these, four biovars (biovars 1, 3, 5 and 6) have been confirmed to exist in Japan, causing canker disease on Actinidia chinensis, A. deliciosa and A. arguta.

Literatures:
Sawada, H and Fujikawa, T. (2019). Genetic diversity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker. Plant Pathology 68: 1235-1248.
Fujikawa, T. and Sawada, H. (2019). Genome analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 6, which produces the phytotoxins, phaseolotoxin and coronatine. Sci. Rep. 9: 3836.
Fujikawa, T. and Sawada, H. (2016). Genome analysis of the kiwifruit canker pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 5. Sci. Rep. 6: 21399.
Genka, H., Baba, T., Tsuda, M., Kanaya, S., Mori, H., Yoshida, T., Noguchi, M.T., Tsuchiya, K. and Sawada, H. (2006) Comparative analysis of argK-tox clusters and their flanking regions in phaseolotoxin-producing Pseudomonas syringae pathovars. J. Mol. Evol. 63: 401-414.
Sawada, H., Takeuchi, T. and Matsuda, I. (1997) Comparative analysis of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and pv. phaseolicola based on phaseolotoxin-resistant ornithine carbamoyltransferase gene (argK) and 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer sequences. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 282-288.
Approved strains of kiwifruit bacterial canker pathogens (Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae)
MAFF
No.
BiovarTox
Island*1
Phaseolotoxin
Production*2
Coronatine
Biosynthesis
Gene Cluster*3
Pac_ICE
1, 2 or 3
*4
Gene RegionGenome DataDistribution
211985biovar 1++--16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDSMHD00000000Order
302145biovar 1++--16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYG000000000Order
613024biovar 1++--16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYH000000000Order
302133biovar 1++--16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYI000000000Order
211981biovar 1+---16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYJ000000000Order
211983biovar 1+---16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYF000000000Order
302091biovar 1+---16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYK000000000Order
613017biovar 1----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYL000000000Order
613018biovar 1----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYM000000000Order
212324biovar 1----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYN000000000Order
212101biovar 3---Pac_ICE116S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSP00000000Order
212104biovar 3---Pac_ICE116S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSX00000000Order
212109biovar 3---Pac_ICE116S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSS00000000Order
212145biovar 3---Pac_ICE116S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSV00000000Order
212357biovar 3---Pac_ICE116S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSZ00000000Order
212115biovar 3----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPGSO00000000Order
212118biovar 3----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPHQZ00000000Order
212056biovar 5----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDBBWG00000000Order
212061biovar 5----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDNKQU00000000Order
212054biovar 5----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPESZ00000000Order
212057biovar 5----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDJAAEYO000000000Order
212063biovar 5----16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDCP024712 CP024713 CP024714Order
212134biovar 6+++-16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDMSBW00000000Order
212141biovar 6+++-16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDMSBX00000000Order
212133biovar 6+++-16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPVZI00000000Order
212137biovar 6+++-16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPVZJ00000000Order
212138biovar 6+++-16S acnB cts gapA gyrB pfk pgi rpoDPVZL00000000Order
  • *1 The presence or absence of tox island [genomic island containing phaseolotoxin biosynthesis gene cluster (argK-tox cluster)] was investigated with PCR assays targeting argK, argD, desI and amtA and with genome analyses.
  • *2 Phaseolotoxin production was confirmed by means of growth inhibition assays using sensitive Escherichia coli strains.
  • *3 The presence or absence of coronatine biosynthesis gene cluster was investigated with PCR assays targeting cfl, corR and cmaU and with genome analyses.
  • *4 The presence or absence of Pac_ICE1, Pac_ICE2 and Pac_ICE3 was investigated with PCR assays targeting the respective internal regions and with genome analyses.